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Yell is one of the North Isles of Shetland, Scotland. In the 2011 census it had a usually resident population of 966. It is the second largest island in Shetland after the Mainland with an area of ,〔〔Penrith, James & Deborah (2007) ''Orkney & Shetland'' (part of ''The Scottish Islands'' series). Richmond. Crimson Publishing.〕 and is the third most populous in the archipelago (fifteenth out of the islands in Scotland), after the Mainland and Whalsay.〔 The island's bedrock is largely composed of Moine schist with a north-south grain, which was uplifted during the Caledonian mountain building period.〔 Peat covers two thirds of the island to an average depth of 1.5 metres (5 feet). Yell has been inhabited since the Neolithic times, and a dozen broch sites have been identified from the pre-Norse period. Norse rule lasted from the 9th to 14th centuries until Scottish control was asserted.〔 The modern economy of the island is based on crofting, fishing, transport and tourism. The island claims to be the "Otter Capital of Britain" and has a diverse bird life including breeding populations of great and Arctic skuas.〔Gooders, J. (1994) ''Field Guide to the Birds of Britain and Ireland''. London. Kingfisher. Pages 147-9〕 Notable buildings on the island include the 17th century Old Haa of Brough in Burravoe, a merchant's house now converted to a museum and visitor centre.〔 There are various folk tales and modern literary references to island life. ==Geography== Yell is 19 miles (31 kilometres) in length, with a maximum breadth of 7.5 miles (12 kilometres), and is swept all around by very impetuous tides.〔 The island extends northward to within 9.5 miles (15 kilometres) of the northwestern extremity of Unst. It is divided by only the narrow Bluemull Sound from the south west of Unst.〔Wilson, Rev. John ''The Gazetteer of Scotland'' (Edinburgh, 1882) Published by W. & A.K. Johnstone〕 On the eastern side the coast is generally low and sandy but there is an extensive rocky and partly precipitous coast on the west that rises slowly to elevations of 200–400 ft (60–120 metres).〔 It is indented by seven or eight bays forming natural harbours. As Penrith's guide to Orkney and Shetland states: :"''The island is roughly rectangular and nearly cut in two where the long voes of Whale Firth and Mid Yell almost meet.''"〔 In addition to these large indentations, there are a number of tombolos connecting peninsulas to the island. Many of these are very fragile, and can be damaged extremely easily by human erosion, or severe storms, creating new islands - or resurrecting old ones. There is comparatively little farmland, but the coast is conducive to fishing.〔 Much of the interior of Yell is covered in a peat blanket, often as much as 10 feet (3 metres) thick,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Yell feature page )〕 which is the result of 3,000 years of deposits.〔 The peat retains a great deal of water, but is easily eroded, particularly when it comes near to the coast. As Jill Slee Blackadder writes: :"''Some streams carve deep sided gorges. Among these habitats, you can find a wealth of wild flowers and birds nest here in peace.''"〔 The island was anciently divided into the parishes of North Yell, Mid Yell, and South Yell. More recently the parish of North Yell was merged with that of Fetlar, and Mid Yell and South Yell were amalgamated.〔 As with the Shetland archipelago as a whole, the island can be seen as creating a barrier between the northern end of the North Sea (to the east) and the North Atlantic (to the west). To the north east is the Norwegian Sea, and the Arctic Ocean is several hundred km to the north. Attractions on the island include the Sands of Breckon composed of crushed shells, and the Daal of Lumbister gorge. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yell, Shetland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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